This toolkit, designed by the Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU), explains the mechanisms parliamentarians can use to advocate for and implement human security and common security approaches. It provides essential guidance for parliamentarians looking to shape their country’s approach to security.

This report focuses on how cities can decisively transition from a state of unequal development towards becoming engines of inclusive and sustainable development. Nearly 700 million people in the region-almost two-thirds of the global total-live in slums or informal settlements, lacking access to basic services. Over 65 per cent of urban workers are engaged in informal, low-paid and often unsafe jobs. Environmental risks, from extreme heat to poor air quality, disproportionately affect those with the fewest resources to cope. Today, air pollution, for example, is causing deadly harm to millions in the big metropolises of Asia. Critical “greening” choices-for instance, banning the polluting practices of industry and agriculture or providing affordable alternatives for clean energy and transport-are no longer “sustainability” luxuries but actions that save lives.

សៀវភៅណែនាំនេះ រៀបរាប់អំពី (១). និយមន័យនៃការពិពណ៌នាមុខតំណែង (២). គោលបំណងនៃការរៀបចំការពិពណ៌នាមុខតំណែង (៣). ការកំណត់មុខតំណែងវិជ្ជាជីវៈ (៤). ការប្រើប្រាស់ការពិពណ៌នាមុខតំណែង (៥). ការលុប ការកែសម្រួល និងការបង្កើតមុខតំណែង (៦). ស្ថាប័នគាំទ្រដល់រដ្ឋបាលក្រុង ស្រុក ខណ្ឌក្នុងការប្រើប្រាស់បញ្ជីមុខតំណែងវិជ្ជាជីវៈ និងការពិពណ៌នាមុខតំណែងនានាក្នុងរចនាសម្ព័ន្ធ របស់រដ្ឋបាល ក្រុង ស្រុក ខណ្ឌ ដូចបានកំណត់ដោយអនុក្រឹត្យស្តីពីការកំណត់មុខតំណែងវិជ្ជាជីវៈ និង ការពិពណ៌នាមុខតំណែងនានាក្នុងរចនាសម្ព័ន្ធនៃរដ្ឋបាលក្រុង ស្រុក ខណ្ឌ។

The paper highlights changes in trade policy, effects of divergent tariff increase on trade partners, recent tariff changes, and new exports opportunities from uneven tariff shifts.

The paper focuses on recent developments in services trade policy, leading STRI performers and reformers, shifting digital services trade landscape, and economic gains from services policy modernization.